In Latin America, a disease that causes high sudden mortality rates in post-larvae of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei has been identified. It is caused by a Vibrio bacterium with VpPirAB genes. The disease progresses rapidly, affecting the hepatopancreas and causing massive necrosis and loss of cellular structure. It is called post-larvae acute hepatopancreatic necrosis (PL-AHPND), and its diagnosis requires molecular and histological analysis to confirm its presence.